Who Are we?
our project
New fiscal policies and anti-cash campaigns are being rapidly introduced both in the global North and South. They are eliminating cash transactions and replacing them with mobile and online payments, credit and debit cards, biometric payments, and virtual currencies. Poised at this significant juncture in global economic history, this project explores the impact of this financial turn towards cashlessness on the currently cash-reliant and indebted urban poor in middle and high income countries. Focusing on financial debt (or the condition of owing money), we analyse the ways in which poor households, across different cashless regimes, respond to the diminishing use of currency in modernising cities.
Building on the emerging anthropology of digital finance, this project aims to (a) empirically study how do cash-dependent urban poor households experience the drive towards cashlessness economically and socially; (b) explore the new skills, associations and competencies forged by the urban poor as a response to cashlessness; and (c) contribute theoretically to economic anthropology by analysing how the fading material value of coins and notes can influence localised debt relations in the city. “Before there was money, there was debt.” So argues Graeber (2011) in his book concerning the social and moral history of debt. He suggests that reciprocity and exchange determined the nature of social relations well before the circulation of coins and printed currency. This project poses the subsequent unexplored question: “After money, what is debt?”
Project Participants
Atreyee Sen is associate professor of anthropology at the university of Copenhagen. She is a political anthropologist of urban South Asia. Her research interests focus of religio-political movements and their impact on poverty, slums, livelihoods and cash flows in marginal urban spaces.
Atreyee Sen
Associate Professor
Camilla Ida Ravnbøl is a post.doc at the Department of Anthropology at the University of Copenhagen. She is a legal anthropologist who focuses on EU citizenship and minority rights. Her ethnographic research concerns poor Romanian Roma, who travel as destitute EU citizens to Denmark where they live in homelessness.
Camilla Ida Ravnbøl
Post.doc
Emilija Zabiliute is a Marie Curie postdoctoral fellow at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on health ecologies, care relationships, community health, chronic illness and urban poverty. She has done an ethnographic fieldwork among urban poor and middle class in Delhi.
Emilija Zabiliute
Post.doc
Marie Kolling is an anthropologist and postdoctoral researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies and affiliated with the Federal University of Bahia in Brazil. Her current research is on credit-based economy, urban marginality, debt, gender, and politics in Brazil.
Marie Kolling
Post.doc
Methods
The project relies on ethnographic fieldwork among the urban poor in Denmark/Romania, Brazil and India. Field methods in all sites will also include studying state-led cashlessness through interviews with bank management, techdesigners and public officials (as expert interviewees) on offering formal credit to the urban poor.
Funding
The project is funded by the Independent Research Fund Denmark and runs between 2018-2021.
Listen to our podcast
To complement our podcast concerning the impact that cashless transition has on urban poor Roma at the Roskilde Music Festival in Denmark, we provide two additional interviews about cashlessness and anthropological theory. The first is an interview with Atreyee Sen, associate professor in anthropology at the University of Copenhagen and principal investigator on the project “After money what is debt?”. The second interview is with Gustav Peebles, associate professor in anthropology at The New School in New York.
culanth.org/fieldsights/cashlessness-a-look-at-life-on-the-margins-of-a-digitalizing-economy